Network protocol optimization is achieved with the help of several techniques at each network layer. Various techniques, such as network algorithm optimization and packet scheduling, provide network performance improvement that meets the purpose of network protocol optimization.

In the cyber-physical system, computer networks sense and control processes for interrelationships and information exchange between objects in physical environments and objects that exist in virtual environments. In a system with CPS, a well-designed network infrastructure makes CPS more valuable by improving the control and sensing performance of existing objects through CPS. In CPS, objects such as machines, vehicles and the network can be provided through simulation, or even can be emulated through virtual devices.

Beyond various legacy network technology solutions or technologies for network control and management, such as routing efficiency, resource optimization, and functional enhancement, adoption of SDN (Software Defined Network) has emerged as one of the most promising approaches. SDN-based network technologies can improve the performance of CPS by being applied as network infrastructure.

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) technology being standardized in IEEE 802.1 aims to guarantee time synchronization, ultra-low delay, and reliability to control machines, processes or vehicles. To achieve this goal about time synchronization, reliability, resource reservation and management in wireless networks, various techniques like packet scheduling, traffic shaping and resource reservation, are applied to networks. Furthermore, many algorithm optimizations or reinforcement learning techniques can also be applied to achieve a goal.